FAQ | Feb 11,2023
Electrical equipment that reduces the voltage from primary to secondary winding is called a step-down transformer. The role of a step-down transformer is the opposite of that of a step-up transformer.
The step-down transformer core is usually made of soft iron. Its structure is similar to that of a booster transformer – the ferromagnetic properties of the core help magnetization and energy transfer. Inductor coils are copper wires covered with insulators. The primary coil is connected to the voltage source, and the secondary coil is connected to the load resistor. The voltage provided as input to the primary coil creates a magnetic flux and induces EMF in the secondary coil. The load connected to the secondary coil requires a “step-down” AC voltage.
The voltage is proportional to the number of turns, the more turns the higher the voltage, the smaller the number of turns, the smaller the voltage. So in the process of depressurization, the number of turns in the input end will be more. The current is inversely proportional to the number of turns, the more turns, the smaller the current, the smaller the number of turns at the output end, the larger the current, the more turns at the input end, the smaller the current. So the current will increase after the depressurization.
We know that in a step-down transformer, the number of turns in the primary winding is greater than the number of turns in the secondary winding, Np>Ns. (Ns= number of turns in secondary coil, Np= number of turns in primary coil)
As we know, [Latex] \ frac {N_ {p}} {N_ {s}} = \ frac {V_ {p}} {V_ {s}} [/ Latex]
Therefore, Latex V_ = {s} \ frac {N_ {p}} {N_ {s}} \ times V_ {p} [/ Latex]
As the ratio [Latex]\frac{N_{s}}{N_{p}}<1\:,\: V_{s}
Just like the booster transformer, the power of the step-down transformer remains constant.As the voltage level drops, the current on the secondary coil increases to maintain balance.
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